2009), gaze preference to social and non-social stimuli (Bayliss and Tipper 2005), and auditory speech perception (Stewart and Ota 2008). 2001b), spontaneous facial mimicry (Hermans et al. 2009), social cognition (Baron-Cohen et al. 2005) and to predict performance on cognitive tasks (Stewart et al. The AQ has been used to screen clinical samples (Woodbury-Smith et al. 2006).Īmong the variety of screening tools developed to quantify autistic traits, over the past decade the most commonly used is probably the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ Baron-Cohen et al. ![]() Jackson and Dritschel 2016 Kunihira et al. Furthermore, examining autistic traits in general population samples can serve as ‘analogue studies’ for ASD, providing access to larger, more easily accessible samples and thus allowing more complex statistical analyses to be conducted (e.g. Screening for autistic traits in the general population may be helpful in epidemiological research because it may provide necessary sample size to investigate relationships between autism phenotype severity and theoretically important factors. 2014), individual differences (Rivet and Matson 2011), and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression (Rosbrook and Whittinham 2010). Studying autistic traits can give further insight into how they relate to mental processes (Kuo et al. Autistic traits have moderate to high heritability, are highly stable, and distributed on a continuum in the general population, where ASD is at one extreme of the population distribution (Hoekstra et al. ![]() 2012), with 1.8% in men and 0.2% in women (Brugha et al. The global prevalence varies greatly but is approximately 1% (Elsabbagh et al. The number of adults diagnosed with ASD has increased dramatically in the past decade and ASD now accounts for a large burden on health care (Fombonne 2009 Keyes et al. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persisting deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside repetitive, stereotyped behavior and restricted interests (APA, 2013).
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